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Mars — Description
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Mars

planet name: Mars
planetary class: terrestrial
planetary radius: 3,396.2 km
planetary mass: 0.107 earth masses
surface gravity: 0.376 earth gravity
sidereal day (rotation period): 29.623 earth hours
solar day (1 day and night): 24h, 39m, 35.244s <-------- earth hours, mins and seconds
rotational direction: prograde
axial tilt: 25.19°
atm. comp.: almost completely carbon dioxide, very small portion nitrogen, little argon, other gases and elements
atm. density: thin
surface temp: -87°C - 20°C
satellites: 2

orbital eccentricity: 0.093
orbital direction: prograde
mean orbital distance: 1.524 au
perihelion distance: 1.382 au
aphelion distance: 1.666 au
year: 686.971 earth days
place in system: inner system/ in outer region of habitable zone

mars is the fourth planet from the sun and second smallest planet in the solar system. it is named after the god of war. mars also goes by the name 'the red planet' because of its reddish appearance in the sky. mars also exists in the sun's habitable zone just like earth, so it also has water on its surface, but it is placed further out in the zone and so water mainly exists as ice at the poles.
for a small world, it has some of the largest features in the solar system, like olympus mons (the tallest mountain in the solar system thats about three times the height of mount everest here on earth!) and the valles marineres (the largest canyon system in the entire solar system that easily dwarfs the grand canyon here on earth!). so it seems that even though mars is about a third the size of earth, its features seem to be about three times the size of those seen on earth!

with mars' special features asside, its time to talk about its other areas like its atmosphere which is quite thin and composed nearly completely of carbon dioxide. mars has thin clouds in its upper atmosphere, but there blue because there made of frozen carbon dioxide. the sunsets on mars are also blue instead of the orange ones hear on earth, again because of the carbon dioxide. mars also experiences dust storms and dirt devils in some regions on its surface and rarely sometimes, huge global dust storms that completely obscure the planet's surface, similar to venus. the temperature on the surface of mars is also very cold and because mars has no magnetic field (due to its interior solidifying early in the planet's history) the surface is also highly exposed to deadly solar radiation. so the surface of mars is a hostile environment for humans, as without the proper protection, your blood would boil off in the low atmospheric pressure, then you would freeze in the chilling temperatures and finally, you would mutate and fry in the nasty radiation while all still conscious! talk about a nasty death! yeeaasshh!

mars has two asteroid moons named phobos (the larger and closer moon) and deimos (the smaller and further one). both are in synchronous orbit with one another where deimos completes exactly one orbit in the time it takes phobos to orbit mars four times. phobos is also one of three moons in the solar system that orbits their planet faster than the planet rotates on its axis. because of this, an observor on the surface of mars would see phobos rise in the west and set in east roughly three times every martian day! awesome! but because the moon orbits under the synchronous orbit altitude (the altitude at which an object orbits a planet in the same time it takes the planet to rotate once on its axis), its orbit is deteriorating and eventually phobos would break apart into a ring system around mars, again awesome, or impact the surface of the planet, not awesome. scientists say this would occur in about 55 million earth years from now.
deimos is a moon that orbits just above the synchronous orbit altitude and so, to an observer on the surface of mars, the moon would rise very slowely in the east and then set very slowely in the west. the cool thing about this moon is that, to the observer it takes nearly two martian days for the moon to return to the same point in the sky! but the moon orbits mars in about 1.2 martian days.
both moons orbit mars in close orbits. unlike our moon, luna, phobos and deimos are to small to protect mars' axial tilt from the gravity of other planets like nearby jupiter. this causes mars's axial tilt to wobble from 10° - 60° over millions of years! this results in extreme variations in the planet's seasons resulting in much hotter summers and colder winters.
mars back in it's past may had been very similar to earth. where it still had a breathable atmosphere of oxygen, the planet was warmer, it had a magnetosphere and there was an abundance of liquid water on its surface. so it is very possible that life existed on mars millions of years ago! today many scientists are trying to figure out ways to terraform mars to look and be like earth so that humans could populate the planet and live there. but this wont happen for a very long time as our technology and especially our space travell technology is very young and still needs alot of work.

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hi guys! here i've recreated mars and its two little moons phobos and deimos. ireally like the way it came out! its one of four images of the inner planets that are part of my 4000 pageview special! heh, 4 images for 4000 pageviews! thank all of you so very much for your support and in making this happen!

you can see the other three here:

Mercury: Venus: Earth:

i like the way mars came out! mars texture is a good stock that can be obtained from this site: [link] .
as always, comments and critiques are always welcome and appreciated! so please enjoy the artwork and let me know what you think!

!!!THANK YOU FOR ALL FAVES IN ADVANCE!!!
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THIS WORK IS COPYRIGHT ALPHA-ELEMENT